LONG HAUL FLIGHT SECRETS | 14 Tips for Surviving Long Haul Flights in Economy

In this video, I am going to be tackling tips for surviving long haul flights in economy as someone who used to regularly do 10-hour flights from Vancouver Canada which is where I’m from and Germany where I used to live. In case you’re new here, hi, I’m Christina from HappyToWander.com and this channel is all about practical travel tips from someone who’s been there done that, so be sure to like and subscribe for more practical travel videos just like this one. Alright, now let’s start with the first tip which is something that I don’t really hear people talk about a lot and that’s to change the time zone on your phone or your watch as soon as you get on the plane. So this is one of my number one tips for avoiding jet leg and that’s just to start syncing your inner body clock essentially with your destination’s time zone as soon as you possibly can. So if you do it as soon as you get in your seat basically then you’ll know okay is this a good time to be taking a nap or should I try to stay awake? Is this a good time to be snacking or having a meal? Things like that, so I find that really helps. So be sure to change the time zone as soon as you get on board. The more in sync you can get with your destination’s time zone the better.

And you can even start doing this a few days in advance, so let’s say your flight is during the day then maybe you want to make sure you’re well rested for your flight so that you’re not falling asleep. On the other hand, if you have a red-eye flight maybe you should go on a hike or do something really intensive during the day to make sure you’re tired enough for your red-eye flight so that you actually fall asleep. My next tip is to choose the right seat. Of course, choosing the right seat for your flight is going to make a world of difference, for me I love the window seat just because I get the views and you’re not disturbed as often because people don’t need to go past you to go to the toilet but in the aisle seat you do get a lot of extra perks like you get extra leg room and you can also get up, go to the bathroom or stretch in the aisle, go for a walk, whatever it is as often as you want. In addition to where you’re sitting in the row though you should also consider where you are on the plane, so some areas that I would personally avoid based on personal experience would be the first row in the section just because that’s often where parents with newborns or babies are going to be sitting just because that’s where they have the fold down tray tables for babies.
And I definitely learned this the hard way on a 10-hour flight where I was literally surrounded by babies, so keep that in mind. With the front row as well, you actually have TV screens that fold out of your seat rather than one that’s on the wall so that’s kind of annoying as well because then you can’t watch movies or TV shows during takeoff and landing which is how I missed the ending to the new Little Mermaid, so I’m still a little bit salty about that. Plus when you’re sitting in the front row, for some reason people seem to think that that’s a valid shortcut for them to get from one side of the plane to the other, so throughout the flight we had multiple people be like, “Hey, do you mind if we squeeze past?” and because I’m awkward I’d say, “Yeah, sure” but obviously that was very disruptive so overall I wouldn’t recommend choosing the front row. For other very valid reasons I would say to avoid the back row as well because those seats don’t really recline and also those tend to be very close to the toilet, so all throughout the flight you’re going to have people walking past you, you’re going to hear the toilet flushing and it’s just overall not a very pleasant experience.

Now how can you be more strategic with choosing your seats? Well one way is by loading up the seat maps in advance of your flight so that you have an idea of what the layout of the plane is so that when check-in comes and seat selection comes you can be sure to try to nab the area that you want. So once upon a time there was a really great website called Seat Guru where you could just type in your flight and it would load the seat map. Unfortunately, they’ve been bought up by TripAdvisor and now they no longer update maps so don’t use Seat Guru anymore even though a lot of websites still recommend them. Instead, a pretty good alternative that I found is called Aero Lopa, unfortunately all they have are the seat maps so you can’t just type in, you know your exact flight, and then find the maps but what you can do is easily just look up the model of the plane that you’re going to be flying on and then look up the seating chart for that plane.

Usually, they will say the model of the plane on your ticket but if you can’t find that information you can just type in your flight on Google Flights as well and it’s going to tell you what the plane is somewhere in those little details. Now my next tip is to dress for comfort. Of course, comfort is subjective but generally speaking I would recommend wearing loose-fitting, comfortable clothes, so don’t wear leggings or anything super tight because that’s going to, I mean I don’t know if there’s science behind this but I found that that just makes you need to go to the bathroom more, so looser fitting clothing, preferably dress in layers as well, because from personal experience I’ve been on planes that have been like saunas and also planes that have been like ice boxes, so you never know what you’re going to get, so dressing in layers that are easy to remove is definitely key to make sure you can kind of tailor your outfit to the temperature of the plane. I would also recommend wearing breathable fabric, so stay away from any synthetics like polyester that’s not very breathable because that can make you feel really hot and on a darker note a lot of synthetic fabrics tend to be more flammable, which is obviously not something you would want on a plane. In addition to loose and comfortable clothing I would also recommend wearing something that has really deep pockets because when you’re flying and you’re at the airport oftentimes you’re going to need access to things like your phone and your passport, so I find it’s really helpful to just have a jacket with really deep pockets or something, that way even if you’re getting up to go to the bathroom or anything like that then you can make sure that your most valuable objects are with you at all times.
And for the sake of yourself and your fellow passengers, do please wear closed-toe shoes. In terms of preventing swelling in your legs a lot of people also really swear by compression socks, I personally have never needed to use them because I don’t get swelling in my ankles or anything like that but from people who do I’ve heard that it can really help, so if that’s an issue you think you might deal with on a long haul flight do definitely look into buying compression socks as well. I will be linking a lot of the best reviewed options down in the description. Now next is a super important one and that’s to bring noise-cancelling headphones. Now I honestly have no idea how I flew before I had noise cancelling headphones, they make such a big difference in terms of blocking out noise whether that’s just white airplane noise or crying babies. So, I really recommend getting a solid pair, these are the ones that I bring on every flight, they’re actually several years old but they still look brand new, they’re from Sony and they’re just so so comfortable. I personally prefer these over the ear ones because I find them just so much more comfortable for a long flight compared to earbuds and especially AirPods because those can really just fall off cuz they’re so small and they can get lost between the cracks of the seats.

Plus, do bear in mind that a lot of the entertainment systems on flights still use cabled connections, so with air pods you’re not actually going to be able to connect to the entertainment system unless you buy a third-party accessory. Luckily, these days they actually have quite a few so you can buy one like an Air Fly, for instance, that you can plug in and then that enables a Bluetooth connection with your AirPods or your wireless earbuds and then you can watch movies on the plane without needing the wire. Now on that note I would also highly recommend bringing your own entertainment on board.

So, yes, for a lot of long-haul flights generally, they will have an entertainment system on board that has a lot of different movies and TV shows and yes, it is very fun to browse through them but I personally find that one of the best ways to make sure you actually look forward to a long haul flight, rather than dread it, is by saving something special to enjoy on that flight, whether that’s a book that you’ve been meaning to read for ages or a new series that you’ve been meaning to binge, so long as you have something that you’ve really been looking forward to that mindset shift can really help you enjoy the flight a lot more. So luckily these days with most streaming services you are able to download episodes for offline viewing and I know that this is possible with Netflix and Amazon Prime, for instance, you can just download the episodes and then you can watch them on your phone or your iPad. On a similar note, you can also download Spotify playlists for offline listening and you can also of course get books on your e-reader or just bring a good old fashioned book as well. I will say it’s very important that one of the entertainment things that you bring on board is something that you tend to fall asleep to because this is going to be very helpful in getting you to fall asleep for the flight if you need to, so for me personally, I’ve noticed that I fall asleep when reading a lot more easily than when I’m watching a movie or TV show, so for every long haul flight I make sure I have a book downloaded, maybe one that’s a bit dry or something, that’ll help me fall asleep and that way you kind of have a natural sleep aid. Now if you plan on bringing your own entertainment on board another very important thing to remember is to charge your phone and also bring any necessary phone accessories on board with you.




So what I mean by that is, of course, have your phone fully charged because you’re going to need it throughout the flight but also make sure you have a charging cable and also a portable charger if you can. And the reason I say that is because having a portable charger I find it just more reliable a lot of the time, bear in mind a lot of planes actually still use the old-fashioned USB-A cable ports and so if you have a newer phone and you use a USB-C charging cable, you’re going to need an adapter for it to fit, so just keep that in mind, overall I feel like having your own portable charger is less hassle. It’s also fewer wires just like coming out of the screen. And if you’re planning on watching movies the whole time on your phone and you don’t want to just be holding it the whole time then I would also consider bringing any necessary accessories, like maybe a case that props it up or you can use one of the many different life hacks these days that are available for mounting your phone. So I’ve seen one recently where basically you take your phone and then you take one of the vomit bags from the plane, you slip it into your phone case and then you use the tray table to kind of clip it up, so that’s another hack that you can use but do keep in mind that you should at minimum have a charging cable for your phone because if you’re using it throughout the flight it’s probably going to die, which is not great because you’ll need it on the other side.

Now my next tip is to pack whatever it is you need to sleep. So one of my greatest superpowers in life is that I am able to just fall asleep anywhere and I’m always very grateful for that whenever a long haul flight comes along. That said, some people do need more specific conditions to fall asleep, so if you are one of those people, don’t be proud, take note of all the things that you need to fall asleep and make sure that you have them with you on the plane, whether that’s a comfy travel pillow, a cozy travel blanket or maybe a mask for blocking out the light, if those are things that you need in order to fall asleep, make sure that you have them with you. These days they actually do make quite a few special accessories as well for the plane, like foot hammocks to prop your feet up and also travel pillows in all crazy sorts of designs. I personally don’t feel like they’re necessary but again I can fall asleep anywhere so if that’s something that you might be interested in, again, I’ll drop links for those in the description.

Now if you need some extra help I’ve also heard some people swear by melatonin as well. In addition to sleep essentials I would also recommend you bring your own snacks. And that’s just because airplane food is hit and miss, and you can bring pretty much anything you want across security so long as it doesn’t exceed that 100 mil liquid restriction, so don’t bring any tubs of salad dressing on board, for instance, but that’s pretty much it, you can bring other snacks and it’s going to be way cheaper for you to bring them from home rather than purchasing them at the airport or on board the flight. Just remember to be considerate, of course, and not bring anything that’s going to smell too much just for the sake of your neighbors. Another thing would be to bring self-care or beauty items as needed.

So this is going to vary for each person but I think everybody has their bare minimum of what they need in order to not feel icky. So whatever that bare minimum looks like for you, make sure you have the necessary items to take care of it. So for me, those two things are breath mints and deodorant. So long as I have those two things then I can feel reasonably okay to exist out in public. Sometimes, if I remember, I’ll also wear a panty liner so that way when I get to my destination I can just swap that out and feel 100% fresh.
Now those are my bare essentials but for some people, they might be a bit more extreme like, they need to make sure they brush their teeth before they go to sleep, things like that, so in those cases make sure you have the necessary items to take care of those hygiene requirements. Luckily, these days they make a lot of special products explicitly for this purpose, like portable toothbrushes that you don’t need water for, for instance, so definitely be sure to look into those. If you’re prone to headaches or other kinds of ailments do also make sure you are bringing any necessary medication on board as well, some people swear by having a mini pharmacy with them on board, with things like allergy pills, headache tablets, things like that. So definitely bring those if you think you might need them. As well as sanitizer wipes if you feel like you want to make sure the tray tables and the seats are clean for your flight.

Now some people take self-care on the plane to the extreme, I personally am not one of these people but I’ve seen loads of videos of people who would do sheet masks on the flight, just to keep their skin hydrated, or they’ll put their hair in like heatless curl contraptions so that when they arrive then they can just like undo it and then have a bouncy blowout as soon as they arrive in their destination, so no shame in that if that’s what you want to do to feel fresh and ready for your destination, just keep in mind that you should be bringing those on board with you if you think that’s going to enhance your in-flight experience. So another important tip is to keep all your absolute essentials as close to you as possible on the flight. So a lot of people just throw everything they want in the overhead compartment and then as they need it they’ll get up and then rummage through the bag just to find what they need but for me, personally, this isn’t very convenient, so I always prefer to just have the most necessary items, my absolute essentials that I’ll need on the plane, I’ll keep that in my personal item and that way it’s just going to always be in front of me and I don’t need to keep getting up to go through my bag. If you would prefer additional leg room though, when you don’t want to keep an entire bag underneath the seat in front of you, then another thing you might want to do is just have a little belt bag or a fanny pack or something that can hold all your essentials like your passport and your phone and that way when you get on board you can just take that out of your carry-on, put that up in the compartment above and then just keep that smaller bag with you on the flight. Now another must is to stay hydrated.

So, of course, being dehydrated is not nice especially not if you’re on a plane because that can cause a lot of issues besides feeling thirsty, you know that can also lead to headaches and just general feelings of not feeling very good. But if you’re afraid of consuming too much liquid sometimes you will sacrifice water, so what are some tricks that you can use to stay hydrated on the plane without needing to get up and use the toilet every few seconds? So the first one is to be choosy with the kind of water that you actually bring on board with you. Bear in mind, of course, that hydration isn’t just about consuming water, it’s also about how your body absorbs that water, a process which is guided by electrolytes, which includes minerals like sodium, potassium and calcium that are found in a lot of mineral waters. So the type of water you drink can actually make a huge difference in terms of how hydrated you feel. Water that has more minerals and electrolytes, for instance, will make you feel more hydrated per sip compared to a water that doesn’t have any minerals. So that’s why a lot of experts will recommend drinking a high-quality water with a lot of minerals for flights rather than drinking whatever water you can get. Fiji Water, for instance, is a really popular brand that many people swear by. You can, of course, also purchase electrolyte packs that you can add into your water for some more flavor and, of course, an electrolyte boost. A much less scientific hack though is I like to bring a little pack of mints or of candies so that I can have something that helps with a dry mouth without needing to drink water constantly and it’s just yummy.

Now my next tip is to make sure you prep your space before you fall asleep, so obviously, if you manage to fall asleep on a plane the last thing you want to do is get interrupted, but there are a lot of instances when a flight attendant might have to come and wake you up so, you want to make sure you take care of any of those possible scenarios before you actually fall asleep. So a few of them include making sure your seat belt is visible, so if you have a blanket make sure you buckle your seat belt over the blanket, that way if the seat belt sign comes on and they’re making sure that people have their seat belts on they don’t need to wake you up to make sure that you have your seat belt on under the blanket. Another thing is making sure your tray table is up and also that your window is closed because generally for long-haul flights they like to make sure that that window is closed for certain bits of the flight to kind of simulate night time and darkness. Now the next tip is simple and that’s to not forget to stretch. So obviously when you’re sitting in one seat for a long time your body can get really tight, so if you feel any tightness just don’t forget to do a few stretches in your seat, so sometimes I feel like even just like moving my wrists around, moving my ankles around, doing neck rolls, that can really help.

There’s a ton of YouTube videos out there that show you how you can do stretches in your seat or in the aisle so be sure to look those up. Now finally, don’t forget to be a good flight neighbor. If you’re stuck on a 10 plus hour flight the last thing you want to make is enemies. So I get that you want to be comfortable but remember everyone around you wants to be comfortable as well, so before you do anything on your flight do be sure to look at your surroundings, kind of read the room a little bit and consider the people around you as well. So a big example of this would be, let’s say you’re on a flight and the person behind you is really tall. In that case maybe reclining your seat is, if that’s going to make their entire flight completely miserable, I personally wouldn’t do it. And also be mindful of things like personal space as well especially with jackets or your belongings. All right, thanks for watching, be sure to leave any more tips in the comments . Bye!

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How to Start an Airline

This video was made possible by Skillshare. Learn new skills that you can use at home, work, or school with a free trial of Skillshare Premium at the link in the description. Normal times in business are like a road. Competitors are all heading in the same direction and, while some might turn away and try a different path, for the most part, the only way to get ahead is through brute force—to slowly catch up and take the lead. That is difficult.
Abnormal times in business, though, when an industry is in crisis, are like a fork in the road. The competitors all reach it together and are forced to pick a path. This levels the playing field. While the big players have the resources to evaluate the different paths, and might have experience from times when this has happened before, all companies big and small must pick a path, and at the end of the day, only one is going to work best. Crisis can be an equalizer.

It stress-tests the big incumbent firms to see if they’re still the strongest, or riding on inertia, and gives smaller players the opportunity to make bold choices that could put them ahead. This is what’s happening in the airline industry right now. It’s one of the clusters of companies that, as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic, had to almost entirely shut down, and is now in the process of turning back on and reinventing itself to capture a new set of consumers with new needs and wants. Industry turmoil is happening, and that means that there’s a case to be made that we’re at that fork in the road—that all airlines are having to pick a path, and that this could lead to a shuffling of the rank and order of the industry. There’s a case to be made that right now, for the first time in a long time, there’s real opportunity for something new—there’s opportunity for airline entrepreneurship.

If you were tasked with starting an accounting business, or a coffee shop, or a landscaping business, you’d probably know roughly what you needed to do to start—you’d need to get a license, or a retail space, or some lawnmowers—and, with enough initiative and a little bit of luck, you’d probably even have a real shot at successfully starting any one of these. Meanwhile, if you were tasked with starting an airline, you and I both know that, no matter your luck or initiative, you’d have almost no shot of ever taking off. Due to its complexity and capital intensity, successful airline entrepreneurship is one of the most difficult endeavors in business, but it is something that, occasionally, real people actually do. So what does it take—what is step one of forming a new airline? Well, first, an airline needs a business model.

Now, everything for start-up airlines nowadays builds off of what makes them unique, and new airlines have to be unique. You see, fundamentally, for a new company to succeed, they need to do something better than their competitors—they need to be cheaper, faster, more convenient, or just do something that others do not. If they don’t, then why would customers chose to switch to them? The competitive advantage of major airlines is that they are major—it’s that you can get on one of their planes on one side of the world and, after a few connections, get off on the other. The problem is that almost all of the major full-service network carriers, as those in the industry will call them, were formed in the early days of commercial aviation, and grew as the industry did.

Today, it would just be effectively impossible for an airline to launch with enough scale to compete directly with United, British Airways, or Singapore Airlines, and if they didn’t, the legacy airlines would crush them faster than they could get to the necessary scale for their competitive advantage to be considered their size. Of the ten largest airlines in the US, none were founded in the current century, and in Europe, only one was—Wizz Air, which nobody would consider a full-service network carrier. In fact, globally, one of the only examples of a full-service network carrier established within the past few decades without government support is Virgin Australia, and in their case, it was almost by accident. The collapse of Ansett Australia, which was the country’s only major full-service network carrier aside from Qantas at the time, left a massive void in Australia’s aviation market only a year into Virgin Australia’s operations, which gave the company the opportunity to grow quite quickly and effectively. However, even this example gives further credence to the theory that it’s nearly impossible for a new major full-service network carrier to emerge in the 21st century as Virgin Australia entered administration in 2020, and is now exiting as a smaller, primarily domestic airline—ceding the international market to its legacy competitor, Qantas.

So, once again, new airlines need a strong, defined, and unique business model to succeed. Looking at three of the most promising startup airlines planned to launch in 2021, a strong, defined, and unique business model is exactly what each of them has. FlyPop, for example, is planning to launch long-haul, low-cost flights from the UK to secondary cities in India without existing non-stop service, such as Amritsar and Ahmedabad, in order to cater to the Indian diaspora living in the UK. Meanwhile, Play Airlines is looking to reprise the business model of the now-defunct WowAir, and was even founded by former Wow executives, by focusing on facilitating low-cost transatlantic travel with connecting itineraries through Iceland. Then, in what is likely the most promising airline start-up of 2021—as its founder previously launched WestJet, Azul Airways, and JetBlue—Breeze Airways is looking to launch what they refer to as “hub-busting” flights on underserved routes in the US—meaning they’re identifying routes without existing non-stop service such as Tulsa to New York or Louisville to Los Angeles, and capturing demand by setting up non-stop service.

Crucially, each of these three business models do not involve directly competing with full-service network carriers. Budget airlines like Play Airlines and FlyPop tend to expand the pie by offering prices that stimulate demand from a lower market segment that likely would not regularly fly on a full-service network carrier, while Breeze Airways will likely most directly compete with Southwest—as it’s the primary incumbent airline that might offer non-stop, hub-busting flights. In the selection of a business model, not competing against the world’s largest airlines is a good choice, because full-service network carriers have the time and money to start and win a price war, while start-up airlines do not. That’s because it’s very difficult for start-up airlines to get funding. There just isn’t the appetite for it, because the the airline industry has very little upside for investors.

It goes through massive, dramatic cycles of profit and loss depending on oil prices and external economic conditions, but even in the best of times, it makes a very thin profit. Over the past 25 years, even before the Coronavirus pandemic, the industry has hovered around a four to five percent operating margin. Investors could just as easily put their money into something more secure—like the railroad industry, which hovers between a 25 and 30 percent operating margin. In fact, that’s exactly what investor Warren Buffet has done—he’s famously shirked significant investments in airlines, while taking massive, successful bets on the American railroad industry. For this reason, many start-up airlines fail before launch simply because they cannot secure funding, or after launch because they didn’t secure enough to reach critical mass.




For those three most promising start-up airlines of 2021, though, they each have seemingly found enough money to launch. Play Airlines secured a $42 million investment from Avianta Capital, which is an Irish investment fund run by Aislinn Whittley-Ryan—a member of an influential aviation family which includes the founders of Ryanair. Meanwhile, FlyPop’s exact investor makeup is less clear, but their largest source of funding is coming from a UK government fund intended to kick-start innovative businesses whose launch was affected by COVID. Finally, Breeze took the most traditional funding path, having raised $83.3 million through the venture capital industry, but that was likely only possible due to its founder’s remarkably consistent track record of successful airline startups.

The only consistency with start-up airline funding is inconsistency—unlike other industries, where there is often a defined ecosystem of investors willing and sometimes competing to fund startups with a strong business model, plan, executive team, and proof of concept, you just don’t have that with airlines. The tiny number of new entrants plus the general lack of appetite from investors means that finding funding to complete the extraordinarily expensive tasks required to set up an airline is itself the task that prevents most from reaching takeoff. One of those extraordinarily expensive tasks involves quite simply gaining the legal right to operate an airline. Every national aviation authority issues what are typically called air operator’s certificates, which allows a company to use their aircraft for commercial purposes. In the US, there are essentially two choices of certificate type for scheduled airlines.

The first, and simpler one, is a part 135 certificate—referring to the section of the US’ federal aviation regulations that outline this certificate’s operating requirements. Now, a part 135 certificate is primarily used for cargo and passenger charter operations—which often includes private jet operations—but it can also be used for certain scheduled operations. Specifically, this certificate only allows the use of aircraft with nine passenger seats or fewer on scheduled operations, with a few exceptions. One of the largest part 135 scheduled airlines in the US, for example, is Cape Air, which operates a fleet of 94 nine-seat aircraft to primarily small, government subsidized destinations around the US and Caribbean. Because they are on a part 135 certificate, they can do things like operate flights with a single pilot—even though in practice most of their flights operate with two pilots—whereas a part 121 certificate holder, like United Airlines, for example, would need two pilots even to operate the exact same aircraft on the exact same route.

In general, the regulations for part 135 operations are slightly less stringent, and that also means that attaining this license is a lot easier. Costs apparently average between $35,000 and $95,000 in legal fees, plus an additional $50,000 in expenses to attain a part 135 certificate. Meanwhile, getting a part 121 air operator’s certificate is much, much more difficult. These are the certificates held by United, American Airlines, Delta, and any other large, commercial airline in the US, and the process to attain one is so complicated that it’s essentially impossible without hiring a third-party consultancy to assist. This, in and of itself, is such as niche process that there are only six FAA-endorsed part 121 certification consultancies in existence.

After all, there are only 104 active part 121 airlines in the US, so a new certification is a fairly rare occurrence. While none of the FAA-endorsed certification consultancies publicize prices, a non-endorsed competitor lists their consulting fee as $1.2 million—which includes things like creating an operations manual, training management, setting up electronic flight bags, establishing a drug and alcohol testing program, and almost everything else needed prior to application, plus the management of the process of actually applying itself. In general, the reason this application process is so strenuous is because a start-up airline must set up the internal infrastructure for all the extensive safety programs needed to pass the FAA’s review, and then it must present a massive packet of documents proving that it has done all these things. Given the complexity of this process, some airlines decide to purchase, rather than apply for, an air operator’s certificate.

This is what Breeze Airways initially planned to do—in July, they applied for the US Department of Transportation to transfer the certificate of now-defunct Compass Airlines to them—but they eventually dropped this plan due to push-back from other airlines and Compass’ pilot’s union. Now, Breeze is going through the process of applying for its own air operator’s certificate, but it goes to show that buying an existing one is a very real possibility, and it’s something that happens fairly frequently with part 135 certificates. In fact, there are even websites listing small part 135 airlines for sale—which can be bought specifically for their certificates. Around the world, while each country’s exact process is different, certification is quite often a major hurdle for a new airline as each country’s air regulator needs to see that the startup is fit-to-fly before giving them their stamp of approval. Of course, these previous steps, of deciding on a business model, finding funding, and attaining an air operator’s certificate, have nothing to do with the most fundamental thing an airline needs to operate—airplanes.

Now, somewhat counterintuitively, acquiring airplanes is actually one of the simpler phases of the airline start-up process. The reason why this is is because, quite often, airlines don’t actually own aircraft themselves. This is part of the reason why Breeze, for example, can launch with only about $90 million in funding, despite the fact that a single one of their planned flagship aircraft, the A220-300, has a list price of about $90 million. Rather, a startup airline like Breeze tends to use one of two techniques. The first option is to lease.

This works essentially like a car lease, just on a much larger scale. Some 50% of commercial aircraft globally are under lease, and this option is often more popular with smaller airlines. The advantages of leasing aircraft are straightforward—it spreads out the cost, without the need to take on debt, and it reduces risk, as lease terms can be shorter than the useful life of an aircraft, are there can be some options to return aircraft before the end of their lease if there’s no longer the need. In addition, leasing aircraft allows airlines to get aircraft faster. Aircraft manufacturers often have a multi-year backlog.
Airbus, for example, as of December, 2020, has a 7,000 aircraft order backlog, meaning an airline ordering an aircraft today wouldn’t receive it for many years. Lessors often have aircraft available within months or even weeks, making this the attractive option for startups. Also, particularly nowadays, COVID has made getting an airplane on lease easier. Existing airlines have been downsizing their fleets and getting rid of older, less fuel-efficient aircraft. In the case of American Airlines and Air Canada, that meant retiring 20 and 14, respectively, of their E190 aircraft.

It so happens that Breeze is launching with E190 aircraft and, even though they aren’t directly leasing the retired aircraft of American and Air Canada, more aircraft of a type in the marketplace pushes prices down. There is, however, another mechanism increasingly used by airlines, especially when they need to get newer aircraft for which there isn’t a large second-hand market. Breeze, for example, has an order with Airbus for sixty A220-300 aircraft. Now, this order is directly from Breeze to Airbus, but Breeze themselves could never pay for sixty of these aircraft. Therefore, what they’ve done is, before they’ve even taken delivery of the first of these aircraft, sell five of them to another company, Voyager Aviation Holdings, which is then going to lease these aircraft back to Breeze.

This means Breeze is effectively getting the exact aircraft it wants, when it wants, but functionally they get all the benefits of a lease. It’s to be expected that, as the delivery dates of the rest of the airline’s A220 fleet near, the airline will enter into more of these leaseback agreements. Of course this is all a simplistic view of the process of airline entrepreneurship, but business model selection, funding, certification, and aircraft acquisition are the four largest hurdles—and improper completion of any of these is often the source of a start-up airline’s eventual failure. The rest of the process, from hiring staff, finding office-space, crafting a marketing strategy, leasing space at airports, and much, much more, is much less likely to have a dramatic impact on their odds of success. Since the era of the emergence of low-cost airlines, there’s been little successful action in airline entrepreneurship.

With a business atmosphere primed for disruption, the next few years will prove whether it’s still possible for new airlines to succeed, or whether the industry is still locked down by the world’s largest airlines. What this video goes to prove is that, even for the world’s toughest tasks, like starting an airline, there’s someone out there doing it successfully. That’s a lot of what the philosophy is Skillshare is based on—they figure that there’s nobody better to teach skills than the people who actually use those skills. Their classes, of which there are thousands, are taught by real people who actually know what they’re talking about, so it’s a great way to learn for anyone who’s creative and curious—which I’m sure includes all Wendover viewers. Whether you want to get ahead at work or find a new passion, Skillshare certainly has a class for you.

For example, if you want to start out as a YouTuber, you can take the Creative Video Storytelling & Editing: Making the Most of Stock Footage class by Nikki Stephens, which is a lot of what us educational creators do—we can’t go to what we’re talking about most of the time, and we often can’t afford to animate our whole videos, so we rely on using existing stock footage creatively. Skill share is built to be the best place to learn, meaning there are no ads and they’re always launching new classes, so if you have any curiosity at all in gaining a new skill of any type, check them out with a free trial of Skill share Premium, which is available to the first 1,000 people to use the link in the description, and you’ll be helping support this channel while you’re at it.

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11 Advantages of Private Air Charter. Private Jet Hire, Empty Leg Seats

Hello and in this video I’m going to list eleven advantages of private air charter whenever you’re ready to start obtaining quotes simply click the link at the top of the description area below this video so let’s get started with the first in our list one private aircraft charter saves time if there’s one single reason why private aircraft charter is so desirable it’s the time it saves we all know we can’t create more time but we can spend what we have more economically and efficiently for the frequent traveler private aircraft charter save significant chunks of time over the course of a year to private aviation is more flexible.

You set the times for your departure and consequently your arrival you have the option to change your mind at short notice as your needs and plans change three private aviation is so much more comfortable there is no comfort quite like flying in a private jet there is ample space in which to hold meetings do some creative work or simply recharge your batteries for private aviation creates a high level of privacy the interior of your aircraft becomes your flying office the only other person you’re likely to see apart from the aircrew is the VIP flight attendant on medium to large private jets five private air charter is very convenient for time-sensitive people.

You can fly from smaller quieter airfields that are closer to your points of departure and destination you breeze through customs and security checks at short notice six private aviation is surprisingly affordable frequent trips in first or business class can amount to a sizeable expenditure each year compare that cost with the time saved and the flexibility of private air charters and you may be surprised by the result seven private aviation is safe and secure private aircraft have an exemplary safety record they are often crewed and maintained by dedicated teams air.



And cabin crew are carefully selected after thorough and detailed recruitment processes eight private flying provides a new level of quality let’s face it the entire experience from start to finish is all about quality of time and quality of service and this will not go unnoticed by your clients and contacts nine private flying takes the stress out of air travel short on time deadlines to meet delays and frustrations relax in the ample space of a private jet be assured that you’ll arrive on time and refreshed ready for the next event ten private air charter includes top of the range cuisine options with private aviation.

You can specify your own dietary and nutritional requirements whether it’s a burger and a beer or fine dining with appropriate wines the choice is yours to make eleven and the pets come too finally private aviation allows you to travel with your pets no more confinement in the hold your pet flies with you in the luxurious cabin that concludes this brief look at the advantages of private air charter if you enjoyed this video please give it a like share it and add a comment below.

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Steroid Use In World Wrestling Entertainment

# Steroid Use In World Wrestling Entertainment

Steroid use in World Wrestling Entertainment has long been one of the most controversial subjects surrounding professional wrestling. WWE presents itself as sports entertainment, blending athletic performance, scripted storytelling, character work, and spectacle. Yet behind the bright lights and dramatic entrances is a physically demanding industry where performers are expected to look extraordinary, wrestle often, travel constantly, and recover quickly. Those pressures have helped make steroid use a recurring concern in wrestling history.

Anabolic steroids are synthetic substances related to testosterone. They can increase muscle mass, strength, and recovery speed, which explains why they have appeared across many sports and physique-driven industries. In professional wrestling, the appeal is obvious: larger-than-life bodies have often been part of the presentation. Wrestlers are not only athletes but visual characters, and for decades, muscular size was treated as a sign of star power. The industry rewarded performers who looked powerful, intimidating, or superheroic.

The issue became especially visible during the 1980s and early 1990s, when WWE, then known as the World Wrestling Federation, rose to mainstream popularity. Many of its biggest stars had bodybuilder-like physiques, and questions about steroid use followed the company as it became a cultural force. In the early 1990s, steroid distribution and use became part of a major public scandal involving the wrestling business. Although WWE leadership denied encouraging steroid use, the controversy permanently linked the company’s image with the subject.

Steroid use in wrestling is different from steroid use in traditional competitive sports because WWE matches are predetermined. Wrestlers are not using performance-enhancing drugs to win a contest in the usual sense. However, that does not make the issue harmless or irrelevant. The “performance” in sports entertainment still depends on strength, endurance, appearance, injury recovery, and marketability. If a wrestler feels pressured to maintain a certain body type to keep their spot, the competitive pressure is real, even if match outcomes are scripted.

The health risks are also serious. Misuse of anabolic steroids can contribute to heart problems, liver damage, hormonal disruption, mood changes, infertility, and other long-term complications. In an industry already associated with injuries, chronic pain, and intense travel schedules, adding drug misuse can make a dangerous lifestyle even riskier. For wrestlers, the problem is rarely just one substance. Steroids may be combined with painkillers, stimulants, alcohol, or other drugs, creating a wider pattern of physical and mental strain.

WWE has made public efforts to address these concerns. After the death of Eddie Guerrero in 2005, the company introduced its Talent Wellness Program, designed to test performers for drugs, monitor cardiovascular health, and improve overall safety. The program includes testing for anabolic steroids and other banned substances, with penalties for violations. Several wrestlers have been suspended under the policy over the years, showing that WWE has at least formal mechanisms in place.

Still, critics have questioned whether wellness policies can fully solve the problem. A company can ban substances, but performers may still feel pressure to look a certain way. Wrestling is an image-heavy business, and audiences have historically celebrated extreme physiques. The challenge is cultural as much as regulatory. If fans, promoters, and media continue to treat size and definition as proof of legitimacy, wrestlers may feel tempted to take shortcuts, even when rules forbid them.



There has been some change. Modern WWE features a wider variety of body types than in past eras. Many top stars are lean, agile, athletic, or charismatic without having the exaggerated muscle mass that defined earlier generations. Women’s wrestling has also evolved, with more emphasis on in-ring skill and character depth rather than a narrow physical ideal. This shift may reduce some of the pressures that once made steroid use seem almost built into the system.

However, the history cannot be ignored. Steroid use in WWE reflects a larger truth about entertainment industries that profit from bodies. Wrestlers are expected to be athletes, actors, stunt performers, and public figures all at once. They must look impressive, perform through pain, and remain available for a demanding schedule. When the workplace rewards extremes, health can become secondary unless strong protections and healthier expectations are in place.

The most responsible path forward is not simply testing, though testing matters. WWE and the wrestling industry as a whole must continue promoting long-term health, realistic body standards, medical transparency, and schedules that allow recovery. Fans also play a role by valuing storytelling, skill, personality, and safety over impossible physiques.

Steroid use in World Wrestling Entertainment is not just a scandal from the past. It is a reminder of what can happen when spectacle becomes more important than the people creating it. Wrestling will always be built on extraordinary performers, but extraordinary should not have to mean unhealthy.

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The ULTIMATE Guide to WWE

You may have clicked on this because you’ve seen a picture of a shirtless man in underwear on your Netflix feed and you’re wondering, why would anybody watch this? Or maybe you know exactly why and you’re dipping your toe back into the world of we, but you have no idea who any of these new wrestlers are. Well, I’m here to help. We in my opinion, is as good as it’s ever been. And I’d love nothing more to create a new wrestling fan. I’m not going to cover everything because there’s no need for you to know everything right now. So instead, I’m just going to focus on five main topics So let’s start first with If you’re new here, yes, we all know it’s fake. If you’re watching it like it’s real, you’re going to have a bad time. I always say this is closer to Broadway than it is to football. It’s drama, its comedy, it’s action.

And that is why we love it. The sooner you buy into this, the better. Now, the core product of WWE is the same that it has always been. Lather up in baby oil and play fight in the ring. It is characters and interweaving storylines, scripted interactions that have their payoff in the form of a match in the wrestling ring full of action packed stunts and cinematic climactic finishes that is the wwe. But the product has evolved over time. He’s kind of like Voldemort now. Like we don’t really say his name anymore. It used to be that a guy just wanting another guy’s title belt was enough to create a storyline. But in this new version of Triple H’s WWE Realistic, creative interweaving storylines are king now.

And it’s been refreshing and we have Triple H to thank for that. There are two main WWE shows, this hasn’t changed for like 25 years. They are both basically the same show. The goal of these shows is it’s kind of where you have the big payoff of bigger matches. You have championships put on the line and you have the finale of some of these story lines and feuds played out at these Premium Live events. Raw and Smackdown both have their own individual set of title belts and Superstars holding those titles. There are different the star power of each person holding that title is enough for you to know now. core pro wrestling business model. It’s been this way for 40 years and it’ll be that way for 40 more. Now there is just no way I can get through every Superstar and storyline.

So, I’m going to focus on the five most important ones. The first is the wrestling or an old fan, you probably know who John Cena is. He is considered by many to be the greatest WWE Superstar of all time and announced last year that he will be retiring at the end of 2025. Now he’s been part time since like 2017, meaning he’s just kind of showed up in between acting roles. But this retirement tour ring action at the end of the year. For those of you that don’t, he was a Hollywood star. John Cena carried the WWE on his shoulders for several years. I will be crying at the end of 2025 and I’m not ashamed to say that. The second is Roman Reigns has been the biggest star in the WWE for the last five years. His current character and storyline started in 2020, which is referred to as the Bloodline, and it’s been the biggest storyline in the WWE since it started.

For background, Roman Reigns and several other Superstars in the WWE are a part of a Samoan dynasty made up of three different families. Dwayne the Rock Johnson is a part of this bloodline. Now the central conflict of this bloodline story is a Power struggle over who is the rightful leader of the bloodline, also known as the Tribal Chief. Roman Reigns was the self proclaimed tribal chief from 2020 to 2024, during which he also held the WWE championship for a 1316 day title reign, which is the fourth longest in WWE history. And it was through this storylines that we saw the Rock return to the WWE to fight alongside his bloodline teammate, Roman Reigns, to defend the bloodline at WrestleMania last year, Roman Reigns actually ended up losing the title to Cody Rhodes at last year’s WrestleMania, upon which he took a break from the WWE.

And in his absence, one of his bloodline family members, Solo Sikoa, decided, hey, I think I’m the rightful tribal chief. So he recruited other bloodline family members to the WWE and created what we call the new bloodline. When Roman returned, he was like, nah, you didn’t earn this. You didn’t beat me. I am the rightful tribal Chief.

And then Roman enlisted the help of his OG bloodline team members and formed the OG bloodline. And that is the match that we’ll see on the Netflix debut. Roman Reigns as the leader of the OG bloodline versus Solo Sikoa as the leader of the new bloodline to determine who really is the rightful tribal Chief. As a fan, you are legally required to put your finger up like this and acknowledge who you feel as the rightful tribal chief when they make their way to the ring. Third is the 2000s or 2010s, the name Cody Rhodes is familiar to you. This guy might not be. And for you old heads, yes, this is Dusty Rhodes son. Cody Rhodes is the biggest star in WWE right now. He actually debuted in the WWE in 2008 looking like this and over the next eight years ended up looking like this. So he pulled a stone Cold said to the WWE and he left.is now the WWE’s biggest competitor, AEW, which he controversially left to rejoin the WWE. year in what honestly was one of the biggest moments in WWE history. The 2024 rematch was incredible. Not necessarily for the technical wrestling, but for the sheer spectacle and storytelling behind the match. It was, for me, the pinnacle of everything that is great about WWE and pro wrestling.

I could gush about it for an hour. For returning fans, he is that typical good guy type, like good guy Hogan, like John cena, like Roman Reigns in the mid-2010s. As a fan, you are required to shout whoa. When the right part comes up in Cody Rhodes theme song. I don’t write the rules, I just follow them. You got to do it. So Roman Reigns and Cody Rhodes have kind of dominated WWE TV over the last few years, but there are other big storylines that I want to get to now, and I’ll cover them a little bit more quickly. formed by former WWE Superstar Edge a couple years ago. Members of this group have shifted quite a bit over the years. It was originally Edge, during this time, Rhea, Ripley and Dominic Mysterio’s romantic relationship also flourished.




But unfortunately, Raya had a shoulder injury that put her out for a while and she had to relinquish He would constantly show up to Liv Morgan’s matches and accidentally help her win. And when Rhea Ripley eventually returned, she challenged Liv Morgan for her championship back. And despite all this time claiming he was loyal to Rhea and everything was an accident this whole time you can kind of guess where things ended up. And shortly after, Damian and Rhea were both kicked out of the group. A series of battles then between Rhea and Liv and Damian and Finn ensued over the next few months.create a moment in pro wrestling is a surprise return. CM Punk’s return to the WWE in 2023 was one of the more memorable returns in history, and it was not one that most fans expected to ever see. outspoken about how he felt about leadership in his time in the wwe. Now he’s currently in a storyline with Seth Rollins. Seth Rollins debuted on the same night and same group that Roman Reigns did in 2013, but during that time him and CM Punk didn’t have much interaction because Seth Rollins was still pretty new to wwe.

Since Punk’s departure, Seth Rollins has been incredibly successful, and he’s built a reputation of being the workhorse and very loyal to the pro wrestling industry as a whole. So, when Punk returned, Seth Rollins was pissed to see him back. He feels that Punk is a toxic presence and questions his motivations for returning to we. So that’s the five bigger storylines that I feel are happening right now. There’s obviously a lot more. I cannot get into them without taking hours of your time. But none of this. The shows, the Superstars, the storylines, the Netflix debut, none of it is possible without the most important character of the we, Pro wrestling is what it is because of the audience. It’s a live show with instant feedback where the audience is encouraged to be vocal. We cheer for people we like; we boo for people we don’t.

We laugh, we cry. It’s a very passionate fan base because the product demands passion from the audience in order for it to be successful. The talent and the storylines will always change and evolve, but the audience being the center point of it all will always be true. So as a fan, embrace your role and just have fun with it. It’s silly and the product, admittedly isn’t always great, but right now it’s a renaissance for the wwe.

And I encourage you to continue watching beyond just this video because we’re seriously in for a treat in 2025.

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